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Optimal Probabilistic Work Extraction beyond the Free Energy Difference with a Single-Electron Device

We experimentally realize protocols that allow us to extract work beyond the free energy difference from a single-electron transistor at the single thermodynamic trajectory level. With two carefully designed out-of-equilibrium driving cycles featuring kicks of the control parameter, we demonstrate work extraction up to large fractions of k_{B}T or with probabilities substantially greater than 1/2, despite the zero free energy difference over the cycle. Our results are explained in the framewo...

Fishmeal replacement with hermetia illucens meal in aquafeeds: effects on zebrafish growth performances, intestinal morphometry, and enzymology

Fishmeal (FM) is still the most important protein source in aquafeeds. However, due to the reduction of wild fish stocks used for FM production, its manufacturing it is now unsustainable. Insect meal represents a valid alternative to FM, due to the low carbon footprint of its production and its high nutritional value. The aim of this study was to investigate the potentials of replacing FM with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal (HIM) in aquafeeds, using zebrafish as the animal model. ...

Nutraceutical Screening in a Zebrafish Model of Muscular Dystrophy: Gingerol as a Possible Food Aid

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, is an inherited neuromuscular disorder that causes loss of muscle mass and motor skills. In the era of genomic medicine, there is still no known cure for DMD. In clinical practice, there is a growing awareness of the possible importance of nutrition in neuromuscular diseases. This is mostly the result of patients' or caregivers' empirical reports of how active substances derived from food have led to improved muscl...

Averages of b -hadron, c -hadron, and τ -lepton properties as of 2021

In high energy physics experiments, calorimeters are calibrated to produce precise and accurate results. Laser light can be used for calibration when the detectors are sensitive to photons in that particular energy range, which is often the case. Moreover, it is not unusual that detection systems consist of hundreds of channels that have to be calibrated independently, which produce stringent requirements on the light distribution system in terms of temporal and spatial stability, energy dist...

Is GN-z11 powered by a super-Eddington massive black hole?

Context. Observations of z ∼ 6 quasars powered by supermassive black holes (SMBHs; MBH ∼ 108−10 M ) challenge our current understanding of early black hole (BH) formation and evolution. The advent of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has enabled the study of massive BHs (MBHs; MBH ∼ 106−7 M ) up to z ∼ 11, thus bridging the properties of z ∼ 6 quasars to their ancestors. Aims. The JWST spectroscopic observations of GN-z11, a well-known z = 10.6 star-forming galaxy, have been interpreted ...

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