How should we analyse the patriotism of the populist Left : a response to Josep Lobera and Juan Roch

Normale Superiore, Florence, Italy Correspondence Jacopo Custodi, Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, Scuola Normale Superiore, Florence, Italy. Email: jacopo.custodi@sns.it In a recent article in this journal, Josep Lobera and Juan Roch formulate a thoughtful critique of scholarly works on the nationalist dimension of left-wing populist discourses, and, in their analysis on Podemos, they engage especially with my works on the subject. They argue that not only do Podemos supporters express lower levels of national identification than the rest of the Spanish population, but also that, coher- ently with its electorate, Podemos avoids talking about issues related to Spanish identity and exhibits a non-nationalist or even anti nationalist narrative. Contrarily, in my studies I found that Podemos has made extensive use of nationalist rhetoric. In this article I briefly respond to their critique, further clarifying the findings of my works and explaining why they do not match with the findings of Lobera and Roch. More broadly, I see this response as a chance to contribute to the further development of the recent and vibrant schol- arly debate on the Left and its relation to nationalism.