The aim of this contribution is to offer a new interpretation of the so-called Bluebeard pediment, originally exposed on the Ur-Parthenon (proto-Parthenon or Archaic Parthenon) of the Athenian Acropolis. My special focus is on the sculptural group on the right. It includes a three-bodied being and a figure in front of it. Having discussed the previous interpretations, I now propose to recognise in Bluebeard a wind, namely Boreas, the North wind, depicted in a specific narrative context, referring to the ancestral past of Archaic Athens: the abduction of the Athenian king Erechtheus’ daughter, Oreithyia. The king’s daughter would be recognisable in the dressed female figure standing in front of the three-bodied being, smaller than this and depicted before her abduction. According to the oldest version of the myth, the abduction took place on the Acropolis, when Oreithyia carried out the role of kanephoros. The identification of the Bluebeard and of Oreithyia is based on comparisons with both icono-graphic and literary evidence. With the depiction of a famous story from early Athens, linked to the cult of the goddess Athena and related to the cruel central scene of two lions killing a bull, perhaps an allusion to the sacrifices in honour of Erechtheus, and the fight between Nereus and Heracles, Athena’s protégé, a Panathenaic frame was given to the pediment. Such themes were very appropriate to decorate the first great peripteral hexastyle poros temple on the Acropolis, dedicated to the patron goddess of the polis and inaugurated in 566/5 BC to celebrate the foundation of the Great Panathenaea.
L’obiettivo del contributo è offrire una nuova interpretazione del frontone cd. del Barbablù, originariamente collocato sull’Ur-Parthenon (Proto-Partenone o Partenone arcaico) dell’Acropoli di Atene. Mi soffermo, in particolare, sul gruppo scultoreo posto sulla destra, che comprende l’essere tricorpore e una figura antistante. Dopo aver discusso le precedenti ipotesi interpretative, propongo di riconoscere nel Barbablù un vento, nello specifico Borea, il vento del nord, raffigurato in un preciso contesto narrativo, riferibile al passato ancestrale della polis di Atene: il rapimento della figlia del re ateniese Eretteo, Orizia. La figlia del re sarebbe riconoscibile nella figura femminile panneggiata posta davanti al tricorpore, più piccola di questo e rappresentata prima del suo rapimento. Secondo la versione più antica del mito, il ratto avvenne sull’Acropoli, quando Orizia svolgeva le funzioni di canefora. L’identificazione di Barbablù e di Orizia è basata sui confronti iconografici e sulle testimonianze letterarie. La scelta di un famoso episodio dell’Atene delle origini, collegato al culto della dea Atena e posto in relazione con la cruenta scena centrale dei due leoni che sbranano un toro, forse allusione ai sacrifici in onore di Eretteo, e con la lotta tra Nereo ed Eracle, l’eroe protetto di Atena, riportava il frontone alla sfera panatenaica e lo rendeva adatto a decorare il primo grande tempio periptero esastilo in poros dell’Acropoli, dedicato alla dea tutelare della polis e inaugurato nel 566/5 a.C. per celebrare la fondazione delle Grandi Panatenee.
Borea e Orizia sull'Acropoli di Atene : il frontone del Barbablù, le Grandi Panatenee e l'Ur-Parthenon
Sarcone, Germano
2022
Abstract
The aim of this contribution is to offer a new interpretation of the so-called Bluebeard pediment, originally exposed on the Ur-Parthenon (proto-Parthenon or Archaic Parthenon) of the Athenian Acropolis. My special focus is on the sculptural group on the right. It includes a three-bodied being and a figure in front of it. Having discussed the previous interpretations, I now propose to recognise in Bluebeard a wind, namely Boreas, the North wind, depicted in a specific narrative context, referring to the ancestral past of Archaic Athens: the abduction of the Athenian king Erechtheus’ daughter, Oreithyia. The king’s daughter would be recognisable in the dressed female figure standing in front of the three-bodied being, smaller than this and depicted before her abduction. According to the oldest version of the myth, the abduction took place on the Acropolis, when Oreithyia carried out the role of kanephoros. The identification of the Bluebeard and of Oreithyia is based on comparisons with both icono-graphic and literary evidence. With the depiction of a famous story from early Athens, linked to the cult of the goddess Athena and related to the cruel central scene of two lions killing a bull, perhaps an allusion to the sacrifices in honour of Erechtheus, and the fight between Nereus and Heracles, Athena’s protégé, a Panathenaic frame was given to the pediment. Such themes were very appropriate to decorate the first great peripteral hexastyle poros temple on the Acropolis, dedicated to the patron goddess of the polis and inaugurated in 566/5 BC to celebrate the foundation of the Great Panathenaea.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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