In its exploration of Donatello’s work in the chancel of the Basilica of St. Anthony in Padua, modern scholarship has focused almost entirely on attempting an ideal reconstruction of the altarpiece on the high altar and on the bronze Cruxifix whose precise original location has long been a subject of debate. Yet in the design of the master and of the Arca (1446), the altar was completed with, standing in front of it, the enclosure of the friars’ choir – a work no less ingenious, surprising or sumptuous than the altar itself. Though Donatello began working on the enclosure shortly after the altarpiece, he left it unfinished on the first of its three sides, the façade, before departing from Padua for good in 1454. The enclosure was completed by Giovanni Minello on the basis of the original model between 1482 and 1492. After the altar was dismantled in 1579, the subsequent dismemberment of the enclosure in 1651 and its transformation into today’s two “choir lofts”, one on either side of the chancel, triggered a considerable amount of confusion regarding the memory of the area’s original aspect, a confusion with which scholars are still grappling today. And the situation was further complicated by the rood screen, which was built shortly before the enclosure (1443-1444) and dismembered along with it. Reviewing the scant and scattered writings on the topic and, more importantly, all the surviving material evidence, together with numerous old and more recent documents, I show in this paper that the rood screen, fashioned under the direction of the Paduan stonecutter Bartolomeo Crivellari, was a Late Gothic structure totally extraneous to Donatello, even though the Florentine master produced the Crucifix, his first work in the Basilica, for that very screen. The dramatic stylistic turning point impressed on the basilica by the Crucifix and subsequently by the altar and the enclosure, prompted the Arca in 1486 to plan the rood screen’s destruction and the transfer of the Crucifix to the central door of the choir enclosure. This plan which, in the event, was never implemented and was only discovered in the archives a century ago, has contributed since then to the bibliographical misconception, in the belief that there once existed another fixed item of furniture in the chancel which was removed immediately after 1486.
Gli studi moderni hanno indagato l’attività di Donatello nel presbiterio del Santo concentrando quasi tutte le forze sulla ricostruzione ideale della pala dell’altar maggiore e sul Crocifisso bronzeo, la cui precisa destinazione originaria è rimasta a lungo controversa. Ma nel progetto del maestro e dell’Arca (1446) l’altare si completava con il recinto del coro dei frati davanti a esso: non meno ingegnoso, sorprendente e sfarzoso dell’altare medesimo. Cominciato poco dopo la pala, il recinto fu lasciato però incompiuto dal maestro, nel ripartirsene per sempre da Padova (1454), al primo dei suoi tre lati, la facciata. Tra il 1482 e il 1492 Giovanni Minello recò a conclusione l’impresa secondo il modello originario. Dopo lo smontaggio dell’altare nel 1579, anche quello del recinto nel 1651, e la sua trasformazione nelle due odierne “cantorie” ai fianchi del presbiterio, hanno causato un rimescolamento della memoria che fatica tuttora a risolversi. A complicare le cose è stato anche il tramezzo, costruito poco prima del recinto (1443-1444), e smontato insieme a esso. Ripercorrendo la sparsa bibliografia sul tema, e soprattutto l’insieme delle evidenze materiali superstiti, e molti vecchi e nuovi documenti, si mostra qui che il tramezzo, un’opera diretta dal tagliapietra padovano Bartolomeo Crivellari, era una struttura tardogotica del tutto estranea a Donatello, sebbene il maestro fiorentino realizzasse proprio per esso la sua prima opera al Santo, il Crocifisso. Il drammatico scarto di gusto impresso alla basilica da questo bronzo e poi dall’altare e dal recinto spinse nel 1486 l’Arca a voler distruggere il tramezzo trasferendo il ‘Cristo’ sul varco centrale del tornacoro. Tale proposito, rimasto tuttavia lettera morta, e riscoperto in archivio quasi un secolo fa, ha da allora contribuito anch’esso a confondere la bibliografia, convinta che esistesse un ulteriore arredo fisso del presbiterio, rimosso subito dopo il 1486.
Donatello e il tornacoro del Santo: punti fermi e prospettive d’indagine (anche sul tramezzo)
Caglioti, Francesco
2025
Abstract
In its exploration of Donatello’s work in the chancel of the Basilica of St. Anthony in Padua, modern scholarship has focused almost entirely on attempting an ideal reconstruction of the altarpiece on the high altar and on the bronze Cruxifix whose precise original location has long been a subject of debate. Yet in the design of the master and of the Arca (1446), the altar was completed with, standing in front of it, the enclosure of the friars’ choir – a work no less ingenious, surprising or sumptuous than the altar itself. Though Donatello began working on the enclosure shortly after the altarpiece, he left it unfinished on the first of its three sides, the façade, before departing from Padua for good in 1454. The enclosure was completed by Giovanni Minello on the basis of the original model between 1482 and 1492. After the altar was dismantled in 1579, the subsequent dismemberment of the enclosure in 1651 and its transformation into today’s two “choir lofts”, one on either side of the chancel, triggered a considerable amount of confusion regarding the memory of the area’s original aspect, a confusion with which scholars are still grappling today. And the situation was further complicated by the rood screen, which was built shortly before the enclosure (1443-1444) and dismembered along with it. Reviewing the scant and scattered writings on the topic and, more importantly, all the surviving material evidence, together with numerous old and more recent documents, I show in this paper that the rood screen, fashioned under the direction of the Paduan stonecutter Bartolomeo Crivellari, was a Late Gothic structure totally extraneous to Donatello, even though the Florentine master produced the Crucifix, his first work in the Basilica, for that very screen. The dramatic stylistic turning point impressed on the basilica by the Crucifix and subsequently by the altar and the enclosure, prompted the Arca in 1486 to plan the rood screen’s destruction and the transfer of the Crucifix to the central door of the choir enclosure. This plan which, in the event, was never implemented and was only discovered in the archives a century ago, has contributed since then to the bibliographical misconception, in the belief that there once existed another fixed item of furniture in the chancel which was removed immediately after 1486.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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