Since 1975, the Spiš Museum in Levoča, eastern Slovakia, has preserved a marble half-bust of a young woman, inscribed at its base «CECILIAE GONZAGAE • OPVS DONATELLI». First brought to scholarly attention in 2021 as a potential autograph by Donatello, the work is here demonstrated to be instead a modern fabrication of modest execution, produced after 1894 through recourse to a plaster cast supplied by the Florentine manufactory of Oronzio Lelli. This cast, in turn, was derived from the so-called ‘Belle Florentine’ in the Louvre. The latter, a product of Desiderio da Settignano’s workshop, had long been regarded as the likeness of a fifteenth-century Italian gentlewoman (identified, until 1888, as Isotta degli Atti, and, from 1894 onwards by the Lelli firm, as Cecilia Gonzaga). Yet conservation undertaken at the Louvre some two decades ago revealed its true nature as a wooden reliquary of Saint Constance the Martyr, companion of Saint Ursula. The Levoča bust accordingly fulfils all the conditions required to be classified as a deliberate forgery, rather than as a more commonplace nineteenth-century reproduction of an early Renaissance original. From this perspective, it proves useful to disentangle and reconstruct the figurative and epigraphic sources upon which its author relied, for such an exercise illuminates anew the strategies and mechanisms underpinning the manufacture of modern forgeries within the field of Italian Renaissance sculpture.
Il Museo dello Spiš a Levoča, nella Slovacchia orientale, conserva dal 1975 un mezzobusto marmoreo con un ritratto di giovane donna, segnato alla base con l’iscrizione «CECILIAE GONZAGAE • OPVS DONATELLI». L’opera è stata pubblicata per la prima volta nel 2021 come possibile autografo di Donatello. Il saggio che segue dimostra che si tratta invece di un oggetto moderno di poca qualità esecutiva, confezionato dopo il 1894 utilizzando un calco in gesso della manifattura fiorentina di Oronzio Lelli, ricavato a sua volta dalla cosiddetta ‘Belle Florentine’ del Louvre. Quest’ultima, uscita dalla bottega di Desiderio da Settignano, era allora reputata il ritratto di una gentildonna italiana del Quattrocento (per alcuni, fino al 1888, Isotta degli Atti, e per la ditta Lelli, a partire dal 1894, Cecilia Gonzaga), mentre i restauri condotti vent’anni fa dal Louvre hanno svelato che si tratta di un reliquario ligneo di santa Costanza martire, compagna di sant’Orsola. Il busto di Levoča ha tutti i requisiti per essere considerato un vero e proprio “falso” anziché una più comune copia ottocentesca da un originale di epoca alta. In tal senso è utile scomporre e ricomporre idealmente le fonti figurative ed epigrafiche che sono servite al suo autore, perché tale processo getta nuova luce sulla pratica dei falsi moderni nell’ambito della scultura italiana del Rinascimento.
Anatomia di un duplice falso di scultura fiorentina del Quattrocento: la Cecilia Gonzaga «OPVS DONATELLI» in Slovacchia
CAGLIOTI F.
2025
Abstract
Since 1975, the Spiš Museum in Levoča, eastern Slovakia, has preserved a marble half-bust of a young woman, inscribed at its base «CECILIAE GONZAGAE • OPVS DONATELLI». First brought to scholarly attention in 2021 as a potential autograph by Donatello, the work is here demonstrated to be instead a modern fabrication of modest execution, produced after 1894 through recourse to a plaster cast supplied by the Florentine manufactory of Oronzio Lelli. This cast, in turn, was derived from the so-called ‘Belle Florentine’ in the Louvre. The latter, a product of Desiderio da Settignano’s workshop, had long been regarded as the likeness of a fifteenth-century Italian gentlewoman (identified, until 1888, as Isotta degli Atti, and, from 1894 onwards by the Lelli firm, as Cecilia Gonzaga). Yet conservation undertaken at the Louvre some two decades ago revealed its true nature as a wooden reliquary of Saint Constance the Martyr, companion of Saint Ursula. The Levoča bust accordingly fulfils all the conditions required to be classified as a deliberate forgery, rather than as a more commonplace nineteenth-century reproduction of an early Renaissance original. From this perspective, it proves useful to disentangle and reconstruct the figurative and epigraphic sources upon which its author relied, for such an exercise illuminates anew the strategies and mechanisms underpinning the manufacture of modern forgeries within the field of Italian Renaissance sculpture.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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